Notes
Slide Show
Outline
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Variations2
Women in Computing Technical Hour
  • Jenn Riley
  • Metadata Librarian
  • Indiana University Digital Library Program
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IU Digital Library Program (1)
  • A collaborative organizational unit – campuswide and systemwide – created to:
    • Provide financial support and human resources to support for existing digital library initiatives;
    • Provide infrastructure, financial support, and expertise to develop new digital initiatives across the campuses of Indiana University.
    • provide leadership in the development of digital libraries locally, nationally, and internationally.

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IU Digital Library Program (2)
  • Joint project of IU Libraries and UITS
  • Research support from SLIS and Informatics
  • Created in 1997
  • 12 FTE permanent staff
    • 6 Libraries
    • 4 UITS
    • 2 jointly funded
  • 10 FTE additional grant-funded staff
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The Variations2 Project
  • $3M grant from the National Science Foundation through the Digital Libraries Initiative—Phase 2 program
  • Builds on the high-profile Variations project
    • ~7000 recordings
    • ~200 scores
  • Funding through UITS to the Digital Library Program to support Music Library and School of Music activities
  • Will end in September 2005; additional funding applied for
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Goals of Variations2
  • An integrated multimedia library system to provide navigation, search, and retrieval functions for a large and diverse information space
  • A software framework to make digital music objects accessible to music instructors and application developers, using a component-based programming architecture.



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Formats currently covered
  • Digital audio (from CD, LP, open reel tape, etc.)
  • Scanned score pages
  • Encoded scores
  • What’s missing?
    • Liner notes
    • Video
    • Record jackets
    • Concert programs
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Variations2 staffing
  • 5 FTE grant-funded staff
  • 7 GAs
  • Student employees
  • Involvement from at least 8 other Libraries, School of Music and UITS staff and faculty
  • Other faculty as project investigators
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Research areas
  • Copyright
  • Metadata
  • Instruction
  • System Design
  • Usability
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Research areas
  • Copyright
  • Metadata
  • Instruction
  • System Design
  • Usability
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Some staffing breakdowns
  • Development team
    • 5 grant-funded staff (male)
    • 1 GA (male)
    • 1 manager (male)
  • Metadata team
    • 3 librarians (female)
    • 1-2 GAs (female)
  • Usability team
    • Headed by development team member (male)
    • 1 GA (female)


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Variations2 demo
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Technical environment
  • Java client application / RMI servers
  • Windows and Mac OS X client platforms
  • Unix server
  • QuickTime for Java, Darwin Streaming Server
  • IBM DB2
  • AT&T DjVu image compression
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Variations2 Data Model
  • Uses entity-relationship analysis to identify key concepts, properties, and relationships of musical objects
  • Identifies, separates, and relates logical and physical layers of musical works and their physical manifestations
  • Similar to FRBR from IFLA, but designed specifically for music
  • In addition to descriptive metadata, also includes structural and technical metadata
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Data Model: Entities
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Data Model: Example
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Data Model: Benefits
  • Increases comprehensiveness and precision of search results
  • Provides linkage of works in multiple formats on various levels
  • Allows for navigation within the work and between its different instantiations
  • Provides appropriate and complete descriptive, administrative, and structural metadata for each entity
  • Provides for Variations2 as a research system in addition to a discovery system
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Usability research
  • To “study how students, faculty, and library patrons use digital music resources—and learn how technology can be used or adapted to help this process.”
  • Users involved continuously at all stages of project development
  • General evaluation of entire system and individual studies of specific aspects
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Methodologies employed
  • Contextual inquiry: observations of Variations and Variations2 actual usage
  • Lab-based usability testing of prototypes and finished releases
  • Questionnaire studies during pilot use of Variations2 by classes
  • Interviews of instructors after using Variations2
  • Interviews with instructors who do NOT use Variations2
  • Log file analysis of Variations2 usage, both during pilot projects and during normal use
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General usability evaluations
  • Searching
  • Audio Player
  • Score Viewer
  • Printing
  • Bookmarking
  • Timeline Tool
  • Paired vs. Individual User
  • Satisfaction Ratings
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Usability evaluation of Variations
  • Aid in user requirements and task analysis for Variations2
  • Measure a baseline for comparison of satisfaction ratings between the original Variations system and Variations2
  • Compare satisfaction measures in a usability lab testing situation vs. real contextual usage.


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Usability evaluation of searching
  • Evaluate the usability of the search interface
  • Evaluate the functionality of the search results
  • Investigate use of diacritics and multiple spellings in relation to searching



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Usability evaluation of installation
  • Usability of new installer program
  • Effectiveness of installation help text
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Usability evaluation of MMTT
  • Evaluate student learning potential in light of a variety of lesson content and presentation formats (i.e. question difficulty, appropriateness of musical examples, ease of completing harmonic analysis, melodic dictation, etc.)
  • Gauge student interest in using similar computer-based applications to complete music theory exercises
  • Assess the usability of the interfaces in terms of navigation, content layout and design
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Plans for Variations3
  • Extend Variations2 into an open-source tool usable by music libraries of various types
  • Improve sustainability of the Variations2 metadata model


  • Other grants will cover:
    • OMR
    • Instructional use
    • Development of more MMTT modules
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Further reading
  • Mark Notess, Jenn Riley, and Harriette Hemmasi. From Abstract to Virtual Entities: Implementation of Work-Based Searching in a Multimedia Digital Library. ECDL 2004. Bath, UK, September 2004.
  • Harriette Hemmasi. Why Not MARC? International Conference on Music Information Retrieval, Paris, France, October 13-17, 2002.
  • Mark Notess. Three Looks at Users:  A Comparison of Methods for Studying Digital Library Use. Toward a User-Centered Approach to Digital Libraries, Espoo, Finland, September 8-9, 2003.
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Acknowledgments
  • For “borrowed” content
    • Jon Dunn
    • Mark Notess
    • Natalia Minibayeva
  • The rest of the Variations2 staff
  • WIC!
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Required disclaimer
  • This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 9909068.


  • Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.


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Questions?
  • For more information:
    • Variations2 web site
    • jenlrile@indiana.edu
  • These presentation slides: <http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/~jenlrile/presentations/wic/v2.ppt>